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THE MAGIC IN THE MIDDLE AGES MAGIC

During the Middle Ages one encountered everywhere in the ancient magical traditions from classical antiquity, but not only this, but also to popular belief characteristic of different population groups, such as the Celts, Teutons or the Gauls. Even the Hebrew and Arab traditions exerted a great influence those ideas were not in vain widespread secret doctrine of the Jews, Kabbalah, and astral magic and talismanic Arabs. Magic and science were not yet divorced, and many still unexplained natural effects were associated with magic.

MAGIC AND SCIENCE

In medieval times, magic was considered a science: they talked about the arts or arts magicae incertae, but were forbidden arts. The term "art" meant both as a science. But the magicians were not only those who claimed themselves to be special skills and powers help of the forbidden arts, but rather the scholars in the development process of the natural sciences had to use his scientific experiments in the magical arts. So often came into conflict with the Church and especially the Inquisition.

THE MAGIC AND THE CHURCH

A mages spells are attributed deceased and the ability to master the elements. They practiced different techniques without success mantic (divination) as the magic mirror and dream divination. Also, the possession by the devil and the pathological and obituary spells were associated with wizards. To escape the persecution of the Church the magic is searching for new spaces within the religious world. Since the Christianization of the pagans, liturgy and church rituals increasingly absorbed ideas and actions that were considered characteristic of the magic.

SANTOS MEN AGAINST

The process in which the Church fought to gradually monopolize the supernatural, the Christian saints were eventually rival magicians. For the Church, the miracle that had mastered the art of magic was particularly dangerous, because the common people could easily take a saint. The Church faced a very serious danger, as many saints appeared false preaching, prophesying and gathered around them to ensure that many people were Jesus Christ. The people gladly followed those figures look doubtful because he aspired to the divine and the human figure. And that was precisely what they promised these people, which combined the traits of Christian and pagan sorcerers. This reopened the door to the old pagan beliefs, with their cults and magical ceremonies, which were still alive in the population and that the Church was trying to condemn to oblivion. There must expose the false saints in real competitions magia.Este topic extensively in the literature religion of the Middle Ages, is based on the model of the New Testament Apocrypha, which speaks of the competition between Peter and Simon Magus and tells how Peter managed with prayers by Simon had just hit the ground during one of his usual magic flight.

THE MAGIC OF PRIESTS

In the Christian Church, the Bible and psalms were handled as if they were magical texts, medals of saints served as amulets, relics replaced the fetishes, representations of God acted as idols and from the Bible and the psalms were composed true books of magic and magic formulas. Exorcists psalms and formulas used in the Bible to cast out demons. With the symbol of the cross, sprinkled with holy water and the host is adminitración ward off evil espíritus.Un particularly complex area was the magic of the priests, when they managed to go a priest to exorcise a possessed, showed that the priest exercised his power over demons. Magicians also said that they had power over demons who chase the demons knew, could also summon. It's the same picture ambivalent shamanism is known: the sorcerer can cure, but also captivated, you can use her magic to heal the sick or for healthy ill or dying. The priests sorcerers could be subject to the same suspicions.

THE CASE OF WILD II

In the Middle Ages, even the potatoes using magic. Gerbert d'Aurillac, who was later Pope Sylvester II (999-1003), there were the strangest things. After his death, many legends were woven around his supposed power over demons. So, saying that by a trick he pulled a philosopher a magic book which listed all the arts were secret. When the philosopher was about to find out, he swore allegiance to the devil if he saved from his pursuer. This happened, and thanks to the devil Gerbert made an impressive career. To predict the future, the devil gave him a bronze head that answered all questions with "yes" or "no". In the stories that revolve around mixing Gebert d'Aurillac many legends of magical literature . Thus, talking head used for divination was known in much older traditions: for example, the head of Bran in ancient Irish literature or of Mimir among the Germans.

ARABIC INFLUENCE

played in medieval magic an important role in the influence of the East, especially Saudi. As for the Arabs also the magic part, along with alchemy, the art of divination and astrology, natural science, as such scholarship came to the study centers of medieval Europe. Many Arabic texts commenting on the various forms of magic. One of those books in the sciences greatly influenced sealed until the time of the Renaissance: it's called Picatrix (Arabic: al-hakim Ghayat), which holds that human beings can transform one's self with the help of science magic, and especially of words, language and formulas. Thus, the human being as intermediate institution could evolve into higher forms or lower. According to the Picatrix, magical knowledge comprises three branches: the knowledge of the talismans of the planets and the spells. Astrological constellations understood as transmitters of the celestial forms originate. The mission of the magician consisted of moving the astral matter how desired by the party of certain stars and constellations. Thus talismans were produced, in which both the metals used to manufacture them as signs that were recorded in them correspond to the spiritual being allocated to each celestial body whose energy and wanted to take the human being. The magician tried also bring down those forces to a certain place to fix it. As spiritual beings personified demons appeared, the magician conjured up for them at your service. The Picatrix, where converged astrology and ceremonial magic, enjoyed great prestige among the scholars of the Middle Ages, recognition that went to the Renaissance.

Secret Language

During the course of the Middle Ages, magic scholarly circles became a branch of science. If at first explaining the mysterious ties especially in the theoretical, from the thirteenth century began address experimentally. The experimental magic enjoyed a boom especially in alchemy. The results of the experiments were recorded for the finds of the occult could be transmitted more easily to the fans or aspiring to the status of insiders. To ward off the threats of the Inquisition, but also to satisfy the aspiration own "esoteric" languages \u200b\u200bwere developed especially secretos.Sobre alchemy devised a hermetic language rich in symbols and images alegóricas.En circumlocution later centuries, this secret language was the cause of which developed the great prestige of this art among natural scientists, it seemed demonstrate that truth, and undoubtedly transmitting an occult science, at least so it seemed, was not easy to penetrate.

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Magic (Latin magic, which in turn derived from the Greek μαγεία, the same meaning as in English, probably from the ancient Persian magush, which contains the root magh-"able", "having power"; referring to the ancient Persian priestly caste) is a so-called hidden by art or science which is believed to produce results contrary to known natural laws making use of certain acts or words, or with the intervention of fantastic beings.

General

Flag voodoo. The magic is the act or explicit representation for which the individual believes demonstrate its recognition of the existence of a deity or deities or forces that have power over their destiny, who obey, serve and honor. Basically, the magical praxis is the transaction between humans and these powers to twist in their favor. The magic would be a way of thinking that permeates the thought and sometimes the lives of individuals, from simply choosing a particular color to a vocation.

From a broader perspective, magic designates the metaphysical beliefs, whose central and distinctive element is the human capacity to change reality without means strictly causal. The magic in general is also often referred to as witchcraft. Many modern inventions are magic to primitive societies, and supplement the capabilities sought by the ancient wizards.

Magical thinking magic source, is certain logic unprovable beliefs. It is usually based on subjective psychic perceptions of individual / collective, and may have been influenced by other people who knew or somehow accepting the theories of such individuals with these beliefs. In psychiatry, various mental illnesses and disorders personality characterized by varying degrees of magical thinking.

Studies magical thinking:

• 
  
  Occult is the study of the occult doctrines of various religions and philosophies, with emphasis on the paranormal and powers hidden human being.


• 
  
  Esotericism, is the study and practice of esoteric traditions, namely in relation to major philosophical and religious currents, but (at least in origin) or secret unknown to the general public.


• 
  
  Pseudoscience ('false science', the Greek pseudo: 'false' and scientia, 'knowledge') is a term that accounts for a set of assumptions knowledge, methodologies, practices or beliefs are not scientific but claiming that character. This concept is used by the epistemological approaches concerned with the demarcation criterion of science and is more consensus between the natural sciences.


• 
  
  Superstition is the belief, unsupported, or seated in an irrational in man, that various voluntary actions as pagan prayers, spells, incantations, spells, curses or other rituals), or involuntary, as the fall of salt to the soil or the arrival of a Tuesday 13 may alter the destiny or fate of a person. Included among the superstitions and divination disciplines astrology, palmistry, fortune telling or tarot, geomancy, or feng-shui, spiritualism etc.

However, it should be stressed that the current use of words (language) for changes in a person, sometimes even without your knowledge, is the basis for many psychotherapies, including psychoanalysis. Also, the use of techniques such as suggestion, hypnosis and NLP neurolinguistic programming, and even placebos, are tools of behavioral change that in ancient times could be attributed to charms, spells, witchcraft, magic, or miracles in the case of religion. We should also mention the known effects of self-fulfilling prophecy in which a statement about the future, in the form of prophecy, unleashing a series of events that end up causing what had been predicted. The difference of these techniques with magic, is the lack of empowerment of spiritual or metaphysical entities.
On the other hand, the magic word is also used to refer to phenomena that have no explanation rational. The inexplicable can be "magical." Sometimes to refer to feelings like love, happiness, when there is something you can not define "no magic."

History

The term derives from magi magic, one of the religious elements incorporated by the wise men in ancient Babylon. There were wizards in Rome, Greece and almost all the Western and Eastern antiquity, when folk magic or sorcery were related to ancient fertility rites and initiation into the knowledge of the people called barbarians, especially the Chinese.
The magic and witchcraft were linked also to the beliefs of peoples ancient East, in which the magician or witch was both a healer and a knower of the unseen world of spirits and played a leading role in the community.

In Greece and Rome, the soothsayers and magicians no longer had anything to do with shamans, although they were consulted on all the powers of divination which were believed to be gifted.
In medieval Europe, magic was associated with alchemy and astrology, demonic occult activities considered by the Catholic Church and were persecuted, especially during the late Middle Ages and the Modern Era. Some 500,000 people were tried and executed largely by civilian courts and religious leaders, accused of witchcraft, over nearly five centuries. There was witchcraft trials until the nineteenth century, both in Europe and North America. In Europe, the Tribunal of the Inquisition developed a role in these events. It should be noted that none of the major religions accept the magic, no other Christian faiths. In regard to Judeo-Christian religions in particular, are already negative references to the wizards in the Old and New Testaments.

anthropology now differentiates between magic and religion, and puts the magic in a plane parallel to the evolution of religions.
The interrelationship of the ancient myths of the most diverse cultures, their similarities and their relationship with animist religions, in which magic played a central role, were studied by the British anthropologist James George Frazer in his monumental work The Golden Bough. Also deserved full consideration by the psychiatrist Carl Jung, who developed the theory of collective unconscious.

Secrecy (called the ancient science in the Middle Ages) influenced Renaissance thought. This pseudoscience is linked, in some respects, to the maintenance of old beliefs, like magic, leading to the understanding and management of the spiritual laws of the universe. In 1463, Cosimo de 'Medici commissioned translation of the work of Hermes Trismegistus, supposedly written in ancient Egypt but, for many, dating from the early centuries of the Christian era and is the cornerstone of the Hermetic or Gnostic movement (from gnosis, knowledge).

divination through tarot was a frequent activity in the birth of the modern era symbols and systems developed by the fortuneteller for understanding the present situation and future are clearly indebted to other methods of divination practiced by magicians, including reading the flight of birds and the entrails of slaughtered animals.
simple practices witchcraft, divination, astrology, reading books and oracle decks as the ancient I Ching, the Chinese, or the Scandinavian runic alphabet, aspects of Hinduism, yoga and even the belief in the divinity of extraterrestrial civilizations and their presence among humans formed since the mid-twentieth century a cluster weakly articulated what became known as the New Age movement (in English New Age).

Magic has been persecuted in history (for religious or social currents) and, even today, contrasting his theories through the scientific method, but in other times would have meant death to the magician.

Magic in Symbolic Anthropology

as Frazer Magic

Urarina Shaman of the tribe, 1988.Según Frazer, the thinking that underpins the concept of magic is a set of practices and beliefs to which individuals in a society resort to create a benefit or an end, relating to his time in a certain order in nature, either as a group, when a natural limitation severely affects the social organization of it (a drought or infertility) (witchcraft), or individual level, when required, for example, get rid of an enemy that threatens the life (taboo).
Los evolucionistas distinguieron notablemente las profesiones públicas bajo las que se constituía una u otra sociedad;

• 
  
  La función del mago desempeñó en muchas sociedades un papel fundamental en la toma de decisiones importantes.


• 
  
  Los consejos de mayores, distinguiéndose en general la tendencia a los consejos de mayores, quienes representaban la cabeza de gobierno de las sociedades «salvajes».

Representó un punto medular en los estudios que trataron de comprender la organización de sociedades no occidentales que contrastaban con las occidentales. Se puede dividir en dos aspects of analysis, mental processes, according to abstract principles that underpin the practice of magic under a law called empathy.

is for this reason that in this line of thought is the predecessor of magic to religion in an evolutionary scale, ie the magic corresponds to a stage in evolution of certain companies that are considered wild and religion to others will assume a higher degree of civilization. Therein lies the interest of his study, which sought to understand the point that ceases to be magic to become a religion and thus make social progress to another stage of evolution. Frazer
understands the magic as the expression of rules that determine the achievement of events around the world, like magic theory, and regarded as a set of rules that humans meet in order to achieve its goals, and practical magic. This is divided into two types, each of them is based on the principles of similarity and contact:

• 
  
  imitative magic. Related to that like produces like. This refers to the effects caused at something or someone resembling the causes behind it, can range from who uses magic, who practice up to that end.



• 
  
  Magic pollutant. Referred to things that once were in contact interact distance is forever a bond uniting them, having been separated, also present in homeopathy.

To reach an understanding is necessary to use examples that are included in these schemes. In Frazer's The Golden Bough, at all times referred to examples of exotic societies, as it were, to some extent seem to be intact to the West, but the fact is that these companies were already having contact with the Western man, who was colonized territories.

is relevant to mention the consequence of colonial of fusion, which is not only racial manner, as addressed in the biological standpoint, but above all respond to the socio-cultural exchange. As an example we can take the call Santeria, in general terms, is considered as a set of component elements of Catholicism and Yoruba traditions imported by slaves captured in Nigeria and moved to Cuba.

This combination of religious systems is still practiced to this day in various parts of Latin America, and is governed not only by devotion to the saints identified with the orishas, \u200b\u200bbut involves a priestly hierarchy. A clear example is when the magic contaminant for the initiation of a priest, he is given a certain amount of collars during the rite, which allow you to represent a certain amount of orishas and keep in touch with them through the sacrifice of goats or other animal. These beliefs and practices also mean that the resolution of certain problems, how to restore health to someone who asked, are due to be summoned the spirit of their ancestors and took the offering to the orisha indicated. This is sympathetic magic and animistic beliefs imply.

The transition from magic to religion

Frazer believes that the principles of association of ideas wrongly applied produce the magic, which even considered as "bastard sister of science." [citation needed] Frazer believes that the first strike that transformed mankind to abandon magic as a rule of faith and practice, was to recognize "the inability to manage a pleasure certain natural forces which hitherto had been assumed within its mandate. "[citation needed] In this conception we can understand that the intelligence of the men began to perceive that the practice of magic is not produced exactly the expected results, which previously meant a reality. This was continued for a long period of reflective thought that made the transition to religion Gradually, by the better understanding of the forces with a higher power of man and the development of knowledge. Frazer concludes that the final step of magic to religion is given in "the confession of the entire and absolute dependence of man in relation to the divine ', culminating in the submission of man before the immensity of the universe.
Currently, however, it is considered impracticable to establish an emphatic boundary between magic and religion, much less in a unilineal evolutionary premise as that proposed by Frazer. This is the case of Mesopotamian culture, where religion and magic coexist within the social body to the point of being indistinguishable.

Magic Systems

anthropology distinguishes traditional witchcraft of the first societies. It has drawn many synchretisms

• 
  
  Witchcraft. Corresponds to the Warlock, which was considered connected with black magic.


• 
  
  Witchcraft diabolical influenced by Christianity, is one in which they worship the devil.

Brujeria is the simplest form of magic practiced in ancient societies. It is based on the manipulation of matter and the analogy. The wizard uses potions fetish, animals and different objects to achieve their ends. In his old home the word pharmacy, pharmakia Greek, referring to the preparation of potions and poisons. He went to the current use of auxiliary medicine, pharmakon, medicine.

1. 
   
   Animism: Animism includes a variety of beliefs in supernatural beings custom (or spirits) living animate and inanimate objects. While this concept fit into multiple variants of the phenomenon.



2. 
   
   Shaman spell at a dance. Shamanism refers to a kind of traditional beliefs and practices similar animism that ensure the ability to diagnose and cure human suffering and, in some societies, the ability to cause. System that gave rise to various cults and religions, whose origin dates back to the Stone Age. The shaman is a kind of healer, with special magical powers.



3. 
   
   Candomblé. System similar to voodoo is popular in Brazil. Consists of the invocation of certain deities called Orixas.



4. 
   
   Voodoo. Popular system in Haiti. Similar to Candomblé.




5. 
   
   Umbanda. Fusion of Afro-Brazilian Candomblé especially with Kardecist spiritualism, with a predominance of the latter. Differs from Candomblé, too, considering various types of deities and spirits of dead people.



6. 
   
   Quimbanda. Magic system is the invocation of entities called Exus, being able with the help of these entities, both good and evil.



7. 
   
   Wicca. It is a pagan religion appeared as a 'renaissance' of the old religion of witchcraft was begun by Gerald Gardner. The same has been amended by many practitioners and non-traditional covens are not comfortable with the early teachings of Gardner. Eclecticism, in which most of its practitioners use the magic carefully in support of human evolution.
   
   Many Wiccans go first to the use of oracles to check whether to perform magic in a certain situation. The magic in Wicca is defined as the art of sending consciousness at will, sometimes supporting these thoughts or is faith with objects or herbs that represent the intention of the Wizard Wicca.

Classic Magic, Theosophy and New

contemporary magic

The magic is rooted in contemporary on work initiated as Eliphas Levi and Papus. Theosophy, Theosophy and the modern, is one of its founders Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, who was looking to the east the source of his philosophical system. This system does not show exactly how the systems used by students of magic, even more, intended to convey the universal esoteric knowledge that would be contained in all philosophical and religious traditions. Blavatsky considers, for example, that all men are wizards in the final sense of the word, because everyone can use the divine creative power, either through thought, word or action.

sexual magic

this topic are grouped into different sets: Thelemite, Gnostic, etc.., Which certainly must be differentiated from the Tantra which has a few points of connection. The base of these systems is the concept that sex is sacred.

Sexual magic is divided into several different systems and differences, some of them derived from the system originally developed by Paschal Beverly Randolph and later by Theodor Reuss in the Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO) and Aleister Crowley, by Kenneth Grant and the artist Austin Osman Spare. We cite among the various systems of sexual magic:

• 
  
  Ansariético: Created by Ansarichs or Aluítas (in English or ainda Ansaireth Nusairis) in ancient Syria


• 
  
  Eulis: Designed by Pascal Beverly Randolph, an insider among
Aluítas

• 
  
  System 0. T. 0.: Sexual magic system that bears some relation to some branches of Eastern Tantra * sistema Fraternitas Saturni: OTO derived


• 
  
  Maatiano System: Designed by OTO dissidents


• 
  sistema
  0. TOA: Derived from OTO, uses magic astral sexual practices


• 
  
  Chaos Magic System including "self-sexual magic"


• 
  
  Universal Christian Gnostic Movement: sexual magic system markedly ascetic founded by neo-Gnostic Samael


• 
  
  TAO: Tao Universal Christian Church Movement SOS Rescue interoseanico: Kelium Built by Zeus and his son Joab Bathore Samel Weor.


• 
  
  Tifoniana Thelemic Current TOTO developed by Mr. Grant.


• 
  Zos Kia Cultus
  . Wizardry system invented by OSA


• 
  
  The Couleuvre Noire. Vodoun cult that uses modern sexual magick along with the flow directed by Michael Bertiaux ophidian.


• 
  
  Dharmic Sex: Meditation Holo-orgasmic and Eco-Tantra. Contemporary strain developed by the author and occultist Yhao Hani. [Edit] Main ThelemaArtículo:

Thelema

Philosophy, Religion or Religion, depending on your point of view, created by Aleister Crowley from Liber AL vel Legis (Book of the Law). Upon receipt of this book began a new era, Aeon of Horus, where man is seen as the center of his universe. Thelema Greek means will.

Samael Aun Weor

WeorEl Samael Aun Colombian Victor Manuel Gómez R. (Samael), founder of the Universal Christian Gnostic Movement, taking sexual magic as one of the pillars of what he called "revolution of consciousness." Its main feature is what the author calls' revolutionary ascetic of the Age of Aquarius. " According to the author, metaphysically, the process is "intelligent mix of sexual desire with spiritual enthusiasm," this is, in short, the connection of male and female genitalia called by ionizing and lingam terms (in Sanskrit), avoiding orgasm, both male and female, loss of semen and transmuting, through processes outlined in his books, the semen in energy, light and consciousness.

Ordo Templi Orentis

The Ordo Templi Orientis, founded by Theodor Reuss and Karl Kellner at the beginning of the twentieth century was initially based on the implementation of sexual tantra with a structure resembling the masonry. When the English occultist Aleister Crowley, was admitted to the Order, its rituals and basic philosophy were reformulated to be interpreted and worked under the so-called law of Thelema. The OTO ended up being the origin of various dissident who took different views on magic. Among the disagreements that make a work of serious consideration can include the Ordo Templi Orientis Antiqua (autumn) and Tifoniana Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO Typhonyan or TOTO). Magic

luciferic

Fraternitas

Saturni System. It is a system similar to that of OTO, centralizing their sexual magic practices (especially in the practices of "path on the left) and ritualistic magic. The main difference from the OTO is that while the individual seeks to merge with the creative energy, as central idea, the Fraternitas Saturni aims to raise human spirit to a divine status, represented by Lucifer. The system has 33 degrees. Magic

Enochian Magic Enochian is a complex symbolic system, which consists in the evocation of angels enokianos, discovered by the astrologer John Dee and his seer Edward Kelley. The system was subsequently studied by the Golden Dawn Golden Dawn and Aleister Crowley.

musical magic

Created by a renowned occultist, Juanita Wescott, who has studied the system of Franz Bardon. The musical magic system makes use of Hermeticism and Kabbalah.

SOURCE: es.wikipedia.org / wiki / Magic

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Principles of Magic

Magick is the Science Transcendental Absolute Science, was the science of Abraham and Orpheus, of Confucius and Zarathustra; of Enoch and Trismegistus, recorded on tablets of stone their doctrines Magic.
Magic combines in a single science that which is true in philosophy, and religion which is eternal and infallible. A perfect way to reconcile these terms, as opposed to first: faith and reason, science and belief, authority and freedom. Provides the human mind an instrument of philosophical and religious certainty as exact as mathematics.
There is a truism and method foolproof way to know this truth, those who reach this knowledge and adopt it as a way of life, may give their will a sovereign power that will make them masters of all things below, all wandering spirits, or put another way , arbiters and kings of the world.

The word magic comes from an ancient word "Magus", which refers to a priest of the Medes and Persians. The trick is perhaps the oldest of the glasses (or cups) and balls. Among the Romans the term designating the magician was ACETABULARIUS, meaning "one who plays with glasses of vinegar,"

The oldest data on the remote magic the magician Dedi, as the papyrus found in an ancient Egyptian tomb and subsequently translated. Dedi lived during the reign of Khufru, (also known as Cheops), Pharaoh of Egypt who was the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza.

Dedi was a legend among his contemporaries, who inspired fear. So Pharaoh called for his presence. Dedi appeared on stage at the stone palace of Memphis, home to over five thousand years of the kings of Egypt.

In his performance (which we know thanks to an Egyptian inscription) Dedi called a goose, cut off his head with the knife he was carrying and placed it on the open palm of his hand. Before the astonished eyes of Pharaoh, stroked the goose, made some gestures accompanied by invocations, put the goose on the ground, and the animal began to walk ... head in place.

His followers said they were sent from the gods and to prove it, they created more illusions fabulous. There was a statue in the temple of Isis that continually threw wine on the altar for the gods drank. As powerful as illusionists
Dedi marveled at the kings, others had more simple games in front of the townspeople. Glasses, cups and balls were already antiques at the time. And even today retain their appeal. In the early 1 of the Christian Era the trick of the cups with balls are made worldwide.

While the wizards of the Indian tribes of North America had overcome these tricks and stunts were better than those of East and Europe. One of them was to place an arrow within a basket, with the tip toward the ground. The wizard was dancing ... and the arrow came to life: he rose and remained suspended vertically in the air, away from the basket. This is one of the many tricks practiced by the sorcerers of the Indian tribes.


When Christianity spread throughout the world, at the beginning of the Middle Ages, the practice of magic with him. There were three variants of magic; Elegant Magic, performed before kings and nobles, street plays, for the common people, and black magic, occult, whose practitioners claimed to have supernatural powers.

The illusionists were traveling from city to city, with its ball tricks, rope torn and restored, cups and dice. Sometimes getting applause. Sometimes failures. This view about the possibility of success or failure of the illusionist lasted until in the seventeenth century. Gradually the idea about the art of the illusionist progressed and improved, especially in Europe. The public began to see the magician as an artist almost always able to reap success. At the end of the eighteenth century illusionism breath of fresh air in Europe claimed. Exhibitions began in good theaters.

Examples of these are Philippe and Pinetti magicians, whose elegance
amazed his contemporaries in the nineteenth century we come to the culmination of illusion. Appeared a magician who completely renovated art. With skill, intelligence and exquisite taste lifted magic and set the stage for a golden age that would last more than a century. Your name: Robert Houdin.